Sudan The kids of Sudan: Imana Sudan is a country in Northern Africa, bordering the Red Sea, between Egypt and Eritrea. Sudan is a very big country-it is the largest country in Africa, and is slightly more than one-quarter the size of the United States. The Nile river runs through Sudan. Much of its land is flat, with some mountains in the far south, northeast and west, and desert in the north. The official language is Arabic. Many other languages are spoken as well, including Nubian, Ta Bedawie, diverse dialects of Nilotic, Nilo-Hamitic, English, and many, many others. The capital of Sudan is Khartoum. For links to more information about Sudan, click here.